Natural selection uses duplicated genes as raw material for functional innovation, co-opting their existing features to new functions. Understanding genetic innovation requires two questions to be ...

Organelles are entities within a eukaryotic cell that have a specialised function. Examples of organelles include the nucleus, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi, mitochondria, vacuoles or lysosomes ...

Ryan Eichler holds a B.S.B.A with a concentration in Finance from Boston University. He has held positions in, and has deep experience with, expense auditing, personal finance, real estate, as well as ...

Julia Kagan is a financial/consumer journalist and former senior editor, personal finance, of Investopedia. Michael Boyle is an experienced financial professional with more than 10 years working with ...